> Software engineers at Google are strongly encouraged to program in one of four officially-approved programming languages at Google: C++, Java, Python, or Go.
I wonder which of these languages they use to develop the google front page or any other frontend when no Javascript is allowed...
Those are the primary, general four languages, but other languages are used as necessary for specific domains (e.g. Javascript, Objective-C/Swift), they're just not guaranteed to get the same level of internal tooling and infrastructure support (though in practice they do).
Clearly there is some use of Dart and JavaScript (vanilla, Angular and Polymer). It would be interesting to hear percentages across Google development.
I wonder which of these languages they use to develop the google front page or any other frontend when no Javascript is allowed...