On macOS, you might be able to use /etc/resolver to fix this:
sudo sh -c 'echo "nameserver 192.168.1.1" > /etc/resolver/captive.apple.com'
I did this for an internal website at my university that could only be resolved using the network name server. It just occurred to me that it might also work for the URL macOS uses to detect captive portals. We'll have to see if it works the next time I'm at a café.
In 2000, NationsBank in Charlotte bought Bank of America. They used the BofA name, but the NB people ran things. Hugh McColl had been the CEO of NB for years, and he was CEO of BofA for a year. The next CEO, Ken Lewis, was also from NB. I worked for BofA in Chicago from 2001 to 2009. I talked to people in Charlotte all the time. I almost never talked to people in California.
Now that I think about it, I dealt with people in a lot of regions of the US, but almost nobody on the West Coast.
"Bank of America, Los Angeles, was founded in California in 1923. In 1928, this entity was acquired by the Bank of Italy of San Francisco, which took the Bank of America name two years later"
Ex Flock employee - they do not. Your best bet for determining Flock usage is to ask the agency directly and/or look at council meeting minutes, etc.
In my county, multiple law enforcement agencies are not on Flock's transparency portal, despite posting fairly regularly on FB about "responding to a Flock hit on a vehicle".