The story you're telling is accurate for cocaine and amphetamines. Caffeine is different. It blocks the adenosine receptors, which are supposed to slow you down before you wear out.
I can't entirely disagree, but it (caffeine) still seems to help more than it hurts.
But amphetamines are far more direct. Caffeine still seems to help more than it hurts for me (several times over diagnosed "clinical ADHD")