There are active ongoing efforts to push wasm beyond the web client. Which makes perfect sense, since it could, in theory, deliver JVM's "compile once, run everywhere", but with a lot more flexibility for the languages on top.
As far as Node.js being the only JVM alternatively to take seriously, I don't even know what to say. There are lots of enterprises with mature .NET (not Core) business apps, doing all that very stuff that you list - EAI, ETL etc.
As far as Node.js being the only JVM alternatively to take seriously, I don't even know what to say. There are lots of enterprises with mature .NET (not Core) business apps, doing all that very stuff that you list - EAI, ETL etc.