I would have gladly shown it to you, but almost all my code is proprietary

Here's a small example:

```

function fetchCurrentWeather(){ return fetch(...) .catch(() => ({ error: new NetworkError(), value: null}) .then(res => res.json()) .then(maybeWeather => Weather.is(maybeWeather) ? { value: maybeWeather, error: null} : { error: new DecodeError(), value: null}) .catch(() => ({ error: new DecodeError(), value: null})) }

// And then you use it somewhere in you react app

async initialFetch(){ try { if (this.state.isLoading) return; this.setState({ isLoading: true, weather: null, error: null }); this.setState({ weather: await fetchCurrentWeather().then(reault => { if (result.error) throw result.error; return result.value; }) }); } catch (error) { this.setState({ error }) } finally { this.setState({ isLoading: false }); } }

render(){ return ( <div> {this.state.isLoading && ...} {this.state.weather && ...} {this.state.error && ...} </div> ) }

```

Why is this better than throwing errors or using Promise.resolve()?

I know it is inefficient because creating a new error with a stack trace each time is bad for performance. However, you can also throw errors which do not extend Error to avoid this. Destructuring the output and explicitly checking for errors every time seems to be quite the hassle.

Because the error/success is encoded in the type, you are forced to handle the error case. If you aren't also wrapping throwable functions in `try/catch` then you have a lot of unhandled error cases.

If you know that something truly isn't going to error then you can just force cast it as `foo as Success<T>`. That will still blow up at runtime if its not a `Success`.

Alternatively, you could introduce a monadic chaining that is able to pipe `Result<T>` objects through many functions then handle at the end.

Seems quite like Go.

Darn, sorry for the bad format. Typing this from phone. I guess you gotta copy that to your editor and apply some formatter.

Check out the chapter on handling errors in the book “Programming TypeScript”, it gives a solid pattern for achieving something very close to Rust’s Option.

I would like to recommend fp-ts over other JS/TS functional libraries, already contains types like Option

I did this super simple version of a Result and Optional types you can of course go further: https://gist.github.com/meheleventyone/b7b504052c589829885fe...

Check out the Either monad in Haskell. It has an implementation in the JS library funfix.