The difference is typical digital cameras have a bayer filter in front of the sensor to allow taking a single color picture vs. here it sounds like multiple captures with individual filters (e.g. 1 blue, 1 red, 1 green, 1 monochrome) that are later combined into a color picture.
There's some subtlety here. Colors are percepts- phenomena that happen in the brain. Wavelengths and radiation describe natural electromagnetic phenomena, not percepts.
Example: Infrared has no "color". It's possible to induce the illusion of colors in the absence of light altogether. I appreciate that the article took care with this language, as it's a deep and fascinating topic.
