I've hacked together something nearly equivalent to roaring bitmaps with varbits and a bit of extra metadata. Caveat emptor, but it was good enough for the problem at hand.
AFAICT bitmaps as a persistent index structure aren’t supported. They’re only used in-memory at query runtime for combining results from multiple index scans.
[1] https://pgxn.org/dist/pg_roaringbitmap/