In Europe and Asia, there's always a toilet (usually one per carriage) on a middle or longer distance train. It's only urban trains and metros that don't have them — on these, the expectation is that you use a toilet in the station, and the train is so frequent it doesn't matter if you miss one.
The Brightline website says their trains in Florida have toilets, I don't see why California would be any different.
The Brightline website says their trains in Florida have toilets, I don't see why California would be any different.