Assuming Python is not running in the same process as InfluxDB, amend my code snippet:
double* data = shmget(key, sizeof(double)*num_data_pts, whatever_flag);
But directly embedding a Python interpreter is pretty easy in C, so I imagine it should also be fairly easy in Go as well.
(Of course, given that my code snippets are C, you can probably deduce I've never written any Go, so take my comments on how easy it is with a grain of salt.)